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§³ 80-§ç §Ô§Ô. §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§ñ§Õ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ö §Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö. §°§ß§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö §á§à§Ó§í§ã§ñ§ä §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ü§à§ß§Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§ä§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§ñ §Ó XXI §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö.

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ 863. §£ §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ö 1986 §Ô. §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§à§Ó§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û (§ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ "863"). §£ §ß§Ö§Û §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§ç, §Ó§ã§Ö§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ú §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§à§ä §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§é§Ö§ß§í§ç §Ó§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Õ§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ð §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú. §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§à§Ó§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ó 7 §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç
§Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú - §Ò§Ú§à§Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ñ§ä§à§Þ§ß§à§Û §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ú §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ç. §£ 1996 §Ô. §ï§ä§à§ä §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §á§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ã§æ§Ö§â§à§Û §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú. §¬ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §å§Ø§Ö §Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ô§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à11 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §ð§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§å "863".

§³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í "863" §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §á§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î §Ú §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Û §Ü§å§â§ã §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í "863" §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §å§é§Ö§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§í §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó. §°§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ä§Ö§ã§ß§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í §à§Ò §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¥§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ñ§â§Ü§à§Û §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í "863" §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ö §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Õ§å§ã§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §©§Ñ 15 §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 2000 §á§Ñ§ä§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ú §Ù§Ñ §â§å§Ò§Ö§Ø§à§Þ, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§à§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ó 56 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §ð§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý 200 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §ð§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û. §±§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §Ó §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö §Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ú, §ß§à §Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§á§à§â§å §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Û.

§£ 2001 - 2005 §Ô§Ô. §Ó §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ó§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä 55% §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ô§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §£ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö 2001 §Ô. §å§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó. §¿§ä§à, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§å§á§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú, §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§å§ê§Ü§Ö, §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§å§Ý§í §Ú §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §é§Ú§á§í, §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §à§ã§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §Ú§ß§Õ§å§ã§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ "§ª§ã§Ü§â§Ñ".
  §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ "§ª§ã§Ü§â§Ñ" - §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã 1986 §Ô. §®§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í - §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ, §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö §Ú §Ó§í§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§å§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §©§Ñ 15 §Ý§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö "§Ú§ã§Ü§â§í" §å§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§â§Ö§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§â§Ñ§ç §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§ñ, §Ó §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ 104 §ä§í§ã. §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ, §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§í §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§í§ê§Ö 85% §å§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§Ó (§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó) §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í. §´§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó 1996 - 2000 §Ô§Ô. §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ "§ª§ã§Ü§â§Ñ" §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§í§Ý§î §Ó §ã§Ó§í§ê§Ö 281 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §ð§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä. §£§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§å §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú §ß§à§Ó§å§ð §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§í. §³ §ã§Ñ§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§à 145 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§à§ß §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú "§ª§ã§Ü§â§Ñ" §Ú 227 §à§á§à§â§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Û "§ª§ã§Ü§â§Ñ", §é§ä§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§å §Ú §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ó§à§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à-§á§à§ã§Ö§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û. §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§Ô§â§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§å §á§â§à§ê§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 60 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ü§â§Ö§ã§ä§î§ñ§ß, §é§ä§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§Ý§à §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§í§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§Ú §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã §Ü§â§Ö§ã§ä§î§ñ§ß.

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ "§¶§Ñ§Ü§Ö§Ý".
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